Insulation :: essays research papers fc

Before we look at insulation we must see how thermal energy moves. on that point are three ways it moves. The first is by conduction. Conduction is the transfer of energy by direct contact of particles. Heat spreads with out an purpose till the object is the same all the way around. (Physical Science section 6.1, scalawag 1)This happens because all particles vibrate unless in an absolute zero situation. These more violently moving particles hit each other. Eventually these particles will vibrate at the same speed. Conduction takes place in all the states of matter. Solids conduct heat kick downstairs then liquids or gases because the particles are more tightly packed. Solids, such as metals are good conductors of heat. Insulators are not good conductors of heat. (Physical Science section 6.1, page 1)The second way thermal energy travels is through convection. This is the transfer of thermal energy through the bulk movement of matter. This only happens in liquids and gases. As a gas or liquid gets lighter it expands and thus is less dense. It then rises and you get currents. This is how there are ocean currents and air currents(Physical Science section 6.1, page 1).The third way is by radiation. This is the transfer of thermal energy through waves. This radiant energy is given of in waves by one object and is enwrapped by another and changes into thermal energy. Lighter colors reflect radiant energy while dark colors absorb it. All objects that are smoke then absolute zero emit radiant energy. (Physical Science section 6.1, page 1 and 2)Insulation does not allow heat to travel through it easily. This is why they are not good conductors of heat. Insulation uses trapped air pockets to make it hard for heat to flow through. There are three rudimentary types of insulation fibrous, cellular, and granular insulation.Fibrous insulation is made up of tiny diameter fibers which finely divide the air space. The fibers can be perpendicular or horizontal to the ob ject being insulated. They may not be, however, bonded together. Silca, rock wool, and alumina silca fibers are used. The most common and widely used are fiber provide and mineral wool insulation. (Swales)Cellular insulation is composed of small individual cells of air completely divided from each other. The cellular material that may be used are glass or foamed plastic such as polystyrene, polyurethane, and elastomeric. (NIA)Granular insulation is composed of little nodules which contain hollow spaces.

Anarchy :: essays papers

AnarchyAnarchy is the theory of life and conduct under which social interactionsexist without government interference or assistance. It is not chaos,nor terrorism, and has no conjunction to senseless violence revolt issimply existing without macrocosm governed. Harmony in such a society wouldbe obtained not by compliance to laws, or by obedience to each form ofauthority, but by freely entered agreements between individuals.The United States has strong ties to anarchy, a rather paradoxicalsituation. It was conceived by, and is til now to this day constantly organismrefined by nihilists great deal who maintain the view that the highestattainment of humanity is the freedom of individuals to declaim themselvesunhindered by any form of external repression. Men such as the likes ofThomas Jefferson, cardinal of the founding fathers, whose views can best besummarized in something he preached, If you think people incapable ofexercising their choices with wholesome discretion, th e solution is not totake away their choices, but to inform their discretion.So where did the impression of anarchy come from? Could it be subjective inhuman nature, a hold over from adolescence perhaps? Could it be peopleare naturally opposed to being told what to do? Abraham Lincoln, duringthe famous Lincoln-Douglas debates, verbalise something that summarizes humanview towards being governed, No man is good enough to govern another manwithout that others consent.The modern concept of anarchy as being a sort of honourable gracious societycame during the French Revolution, around 1848. A man named Pierre JosephPfoudhon envisioned a society in which peoples ethical nature and senseof moral responsibility would be so highly developed that government wouldbe unnecessary to nonplus and protect society, and is thus assign withfathering modern anarchy. Anarchy requires a lot of commitment on thepart of the individual. How does the old saying go With freedom comesresponsibili ty.On an individual level, no one wishes to be dominated, but at thesame time the individual does not emergency to be infringed upon by others. ARussian-American anarchist and womens rights activist named Emma Goldmanwrote, I want full freedom and cooperation to evolve as a human being, togain wisdom and knowledge. She does not refer to freedom of others, unless herself. Greed of freedoms is understandable because it is so hardto trust others to always do what is good. Socrates might respond, Toknow the good is to do the good.Can the idea of an ethical civil society, a term coined by Adam Michnik inAnarchy essays papersAnarchyAnarchy is the theory of life and conduct under which social interactionsexist without government interference or assistance. It is not chaos,nor terrorism, and has no connection to senseless violence anarchy issimply existing without being governed. Harmony in such a society wouldbe obtained not by submission to laws, or by obedience to any form of authority, but by freely entered agreements between individuals.The United States has strong ties to anarchy, a rather paradoxicalsituation. It was conceived by, and is even to this day constantly beingrefined by anarchists people who maintain the view that the highestattainment of humanity is the freedom of individuals to express themselvesunhindered by any form of external repression. Men such as the likes ofThomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers, whose views can best besummarized in something he preached, If you think people incapable ofexercising their choices with wholesome discretion, the solution is not totake away their choices, but to inform their discretion.So where did the concept of anarchy come from? Could it be inherent inhuman nature, a hold over from adolescence perhaps? Could it be peopleare naturally opposed to being told what to do? Abraham Lincoln, duringthe famous Lincoln-Douglas debates, said something that summarizes humanview towards being governe d, No man is good enough to govern another manwithout that others consent.The modern concept of anarchy as being a sort of ethical civil societycame during the French Revolution, around 1848. A man named Pierre JosephPfoudhon envisioned a society in which peoples ethical nature and senseof moral responsibility would be so highly developed that government wouldbe unnecessary to regulate and protect society, and is thus credited withfathering modern anarchy. Anarchy requires a lot of commitment on thepart of the individual. How does the old saying go With freedom comesresponsibility.On an individual level, no one wishes to be dominated, but at thesame time the individual does not want to be infringed upon by others. ARussian-American anarchist and womens rights activist named Emma Goldmanwrote, I want full freedom and cooperation to evolve as a human being, togain wisdom and knowledge. She does not refer to freedom of others,merely herself. Greed of freedoms is understandable because it is so hardto trust others to always do what is good. Socrates might respond, Toknow the good is to do the good.Can the idea of an ethical civil society, a term coined by Adam Michnik in

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet The web influences peoples lives relating to plagiarism and the law. In this paper I willing discuss why plagiarism is increase with conviction. Technology is becoming more prominent each day. Now, personal computing devices be seemingly a necessity in college dormitories. They are even being utilise enactmently for nightly homework assignments for juicy school and even elementary school students. Moreover, the web is not only being habitd for research assignments, besides also for game-playing, meeting new people, and quicker, easier communication. This increase in Internet usage is recognizable on a personal basis alone. As a high school freshman, the computer was not used nearly as much as it was as a high school senior. High school assignments were computer based, but in only four eld, it seemed as if subject curriculums were being modified to incorporate more computer-based projects and activities to parallel the computers increasing use in society.Although computer use is increasing in society, ethics are decreasing. As students are directed to use the web on a routine basis to complete assignments, many worth a substantial part of the courses grade, it is nearly impossible to avoid a pop-up advertisement or a website that diverts the student from valuable information to lengthy papers covering nearly every conceivable topic. Even the most gifted students are tempted at times since society is moving at a fast pace, and people are attempting to complete as many tasks in the least amount of time possible. This pressure to complete numerous tasks in short periods of time promotes a cheating environment. People, students more specifically, want to do things as easily as possible. In addition, many students are not caught cheating, so they will make a habit of cheating time and time again. Even those that are caught cheating are not always reprimanded in the proper way. In fact, some students caught cheating are not eve n disciplined at all, as teachers are afraid(predicate) to confront a student or deal with administrative issues. This is a fine example of how school systems are less ethical than in years prior.On a broader forum, society is becoming less and less ethical, not just school systems. There are an increasing number of television shows where experts will argue the ethics of a situation, simply because the law can be used to support either side. For example, there has been a great deal of vortex dealing with downloading music.

Superbowl Story :: essays research papers

HERE BEGINS THE BOOK OF THE TALES OF THE SUPER BOWL When the frigid air of January has blanketed every top and house alike with its gentle frost when birds, squirrels, and the like are nowhere to be found close to home- then folks long to go on trips to temperate sites and especi eachy from every corner of the States they travel to Pasadena every few years, to watch The Super Bowl there the finals for the great football season which has entertain them the past few months.One day in that season when I went to Landesman Travel in Teaneck, ready to reserve a seat on an airline for Pasadena no matter what it took, I saw a sign for a special offer, half the price of what I had planned on spending, for a private spurt to The Super Bowl first seven people served. As I inquired, I discovered that I was the seventh and final person. We were to meet at terminal figure 76B at Newark Airport one half hour before scheduled take-off, 630 A.M. Super Bowl Sunday, to check the luggage and make a cquaintances for the ride, which I am going to tell you about. But, nevertheless, while I have time and space, before I go farther in this account, it seems reasonable to tell you all about each of the passengers, as they appeared to me who they were, and of what social status, and also what sort of clothes they wore. And I shall begin with the Sports Doctor.There was among us a Sports Doctor who was a great retainer of the Hippocratic oath, never neglecting every player who believed he was in need. He had preformed admirably in the Giants struggle for success, during which he had traveled near and far by their side, keeping the team in greatest health. Even in this time off of his, he wishes to be close by their side, front row by the Giants bench, giving his support, only morally not physically. He owns two foreign sports cars( how appropriate for his occupation) and his dress is most informal for a practicing doctor, just a tied down shirt and slacks.Next was an Electrician, wh o worked quite diligently all week long and would help his neighbor no matter what hour of day. But if it would happen that any person in distress would require his assistance during the three tense hours of Giants football a week, on Sunday or even Monday night, he would apologetically decline and offer his service at the end of the game.

Team Based Organizations Essay -- GCSE Business Management

Team Based OrganizationsIntroductionA team is a small theme of people with complementary skills who tap actively together to achieve a common aspiration for which they hold themselves collectively accountable. In todays society, there can be several(prenominal) different factors that ar associated for a group of people to become a eminent performance team. For a team to achieve great performance, and deliver authentic benefits to the organization, they comport to be able to distinguish their strengths and weaknesses. All teams need members who believe in team goals and ar motivated to work with others actively to accomplish pregnant tasks. A commitment to teamwork is found in the willingness of every member to listen and respond constructively to views expressed by others. High performance team has to break down others the benefit of the doubt, provide support, and recognize the interests and achievements of others. These things are very essential for a team to be a high p erformance team in todays competitive and changing business environment.High Performance TeamsIt takes a lot of work for a group of people to become a high performance team. High performance teams have special characteristics that allow them to excel at teamwork and achieve special performance advantages. A team that is going to be a high performance team has to consist of strong core values that help guide their attitudes and behaviors in directions consistent with the teams purpose. some other thing that a high performance teams do is to turn general sense of purpose into specific performance objectives. Whereas a shared sense of purpose gives general direction to a team, commitment to specific performance results makes this purpose truly meaningful. Moreover, members of high performance teams should have the right mix of skills, including technical skills, trouble solving and decision making skills, and interpersonal skills. Lastly, anyone can easily ague that for a team to be a high performance team they have to be creative. In the new workplace, teams must use their creativity to assist organizations in continuous improvement of operations and in continuous development of new products, services, and markets.Diversity ClimateImproving the diversity climate of an organization is through the implementation of teams. To conceive a better perspective of how diversity climate applies to organizing... ...s the group can gain from the complementarities among the skills of its members. Second, different skills of team members have to be relevant to one another. For example, complimenting someone may not occur, if the skills of one team member are not relevant to the productivity of a teammate. Third, good communication is necessary for any team members to perform the relevant joint tasks and engage in a knowledgeable process to be productiveConclusionTeams are the major forces behind todays revolutionary changes in organizations. Team based organizations are b ecoming the management system of the future in todays competitive business environment. To be a high performance team the strait-laced skills need to be present. When it regards to teams being diverse, one must take into consideration the differences and use them to their advantage. In order to be able to successful run a business, there needs to be the distinction of what group of people is qualified and capable of doing what is right for the organization to succeed. ReferencesKatherine C. Naff, Richard C. Thompson. The Impact of Teams on the Climate for diversity in Government. http//www.hf.faa.gov. July 10, 2005.

Team Based Organizations Essay -- GCSE Business Management

Team Based OrganizationsIntroductionA team up is a small group of people with complemental skills who work actively together to achieve a common purpose for which they hold themselves collectively accountable. In todays society, there can be several different factors that are associated for a group of people to become a high performance team. For a team to achieve great performance, and slope real benefits to the organization, they have to be able to distinguish their strengths and weaknesses. All teams need processs who believe in team goals and are motivated to work with others actively to finish important tasks. A commitment to teamwork is found in the willingness of every member to listen and respond constructively to views expressed by others. High performance team has to give others the benefit of the doubt, provide support, and recognize the interests and achievements of others. These things are very essential for a team to be a high performance team in todays competitive and changing business environment.High Performance TeamsIt takes a lot of work for a group of people to become a high performance team. High performance teams have special characteristics that allow them to excel at teamwork and achieve special performance advantages. A team that is red ink to be a high performance team has to consist of strong core values that help guide their attitudes and behaviors in directions consistent with the teams purpose. Another thing that a high performance teams do is to turn general esthesis of purpose into specific performance objectives. Whereas a shared sense of purpose gives general direction to a team, commitment to specific performance results makes this purpose truly meaningful. Moreover, members of high performance teams should have the right mix of skills, including technical skills, problem solving and decision making skills, and interpersonal skills. Lastly, anyone can easily ague that for a team to be a high performance team they have to be creative. In the new workplace, teams must use their creativity to assist organizations in continuous improvement of operations and in continuous knowledge of new products, services, and markets.Diversity ClimateImproving the innovation modality of an organization is through the implementation of teams. To conceive a better perspective of how diversity climate applies to organizing... ...s the group can gain from the complementarities among the skills of its members. Second, different skills of team members have to be relevant to one another. For example, complimenting someone may not occur, if the skills of one team member are not relevant to the productivity of a teammate. Third, good communication is necessary for any team members to perform the relevant joint tasks and engage in a knowledgeable process to be productiveConclusionTeams are the major forces behind todays revolutionary changes in organizations. Team base organizations are becoming the management system of the future in todays competitive business environment. To be a high performance team the proper skills need to be present. When it regards to teams being diverse, one must take into consideration the differences and use them to their advantage. In order to be able to successful guide a business, there needs to be the distinction of what group of people is qualified and capable of doing what is right for the organization to succeed. ReferencesKatherine C. Naff, Richard C. Thompson. The Impact of Teams on the Climate for diversity in Government. http//www.hf.faa.gov. July 10, 2005.

Media hollywood Essay

The media, and Hollywood in particular, represent one avenue in which the world(a) normal becomes familiar with the role of toy withs. How does the media positively or negatively influence the publics image of nursing? What other avenues may better educate the general public on the role and scope of nursing as well as the changing health care system? In Media, the portraying of nurses divert inaccurately in front of the viewing audience. The dominant image of nurse has always remained stereotype to majority of the viewers. In television nurses are tend to be just helpers of the physician in hospital but in actual look and situation its totally different. In TV serial named Grey design and house it is represented that nurse are helpless , incompetent and physician are given a heroic image as representing triage medicine arrangement , providing psychosocial support , but in real world , its the nurse who do the above stated factor.However the grey anatomy doesnt reference work anything about it , its nurse a who has a prime role in giving a total patient care and to be with patient 24 * 7 The medical media drama has always shown physician as a dominant , at top notch equivalent to god and saving life of patient and nurses are relatively low skilled and differential to physician. As nurse are set to be feminine extremes as categortrized into naughty nurse and in thoughtful words of X description. But in contrary its reverse and nurse are seen autonomous in decision making for nurses expertise in medicine, public health and advance research. Experts have an understanding that media just undermine nursing profession and do not emphasis in health development issues and action in relation to it. As only government and university conceptualize it in last. In today highly equipped media world, nursing focus many issue like staff shortage, poor working condition, low pay in high responsibility environment and many more which is not visualized. The factors has totally undervalued nurses looking at them as uneducated.

Anthony and Cleopatra

Anthony and Cleopatra Love what is it? The definition states it as an intense feeling of deep affection, that is that what chouse really is? When it comes to my love life it has been 1 that has g genius up and down, around every corner, from mars to the moon whatever you can say it has been everywhere. being heartbroken is one thing I can say that relates to me when it comes to Anthony when referring to the fact that his wifes death and imminent battle pricks Antonys sense of duty, and he feels compelled to return to Rome.The reason I say that not that my girlfriend died that I felt I killed her in the relationship when I was younger. Love in communication, trust and belief that you will not get hurt by this person. I did everything you arent supposed to do. Cleopatra was pretty much my ex-girlfriend, she hated the fact that I was friends with many girls she was a drama queen who craved my full attention and no matter what I had to give it to her. Shakespeare was the creator of all this, the love, and the lust. People pop off their lives as it is what Shakespeare wanted Cleopatra learns of Antonys marri maturate and flies into a jealous r shape up.Thats like women in this generation they hear nigh any girl you are affiliated with they automatically go crazy and get jealous regardless of what is accepted or not. This generation of people are enforced to divorce, use to cheating, fighting over stupid arguments. At the end of the twenty-four hours people accept it and just look for attention for example, when a messenger delivers word that Octavia is pellucid and unimpressive, Cleopatra becomes confident that she will win Antony back. Girls want to believe they are saints and that guys will bow down to their ever will.If there is a girl that their guy is friends with or affiliated with is less attractive than they are they just bash her and say and do what Cleopatra does. My ex-girlfriend was like her she would fight with me, yell at me if I even ve rbalise hello to a female but right when she found out that she was just another female she was all happy go lucky. This day and age love is not what it used to be it is not based on the fact once you meet someone you will be with them for a immense period of time you are with them till youre tired of them. Shakespeare created what we know today as love.He is the reason we accept people because of their differences and show that we have true love for each other regardless of differences we are willing to do whatever it runs for the people we love. For example look at the twilight movies a vampire falling in love with a human, being fought over from a werewolf. The most absurd story but we as a culture love it because we love seeing people fight for each others love regardless of who it is, we urn for that as a culture but we have expectant to accept people getting cheated on, lusting over others.Love is a cold thing but it can be well-favored if it is taking seriously and it can fill all your hopes and dreams if you do what it takes. When explaining 3 fats about love you have to think about trust, inscription and communication. When referring to my ex I did not trust that girl, trust is one thing that without it there is no relationship, and you have to have trust. Cleopatra had no trust in Anthony. The reason I say that is Cleopatra learns of Antonys marriage and flies into a jealous rage.She did not have faith in him. Trust is one key to have true love. With me and my ex we loved each other, but we did not trust one another we would fight argue about everything and never truly had trust and faith in one another. An example of this is when Caesar dismisses Antonys request, but he promises Cleopatra a fair hearing if she betrays her lover. How can you have trust in someone if she is willing to go behind your back and do such a thing to you?Trust is one thing that you have to have if you want a true relationship. Cleopatra seems to be giving thought to C aesars kernel when Antony barges in, curses her for her treachery, that is just getting caught in the act of lying that is not how you have a good relationship. Another fact that needs to be taking into center when it comes to love is communication, with me and my ex we did not communicate. Our communication was literally not there at all we only lambasted when it was convenient for her.She did not put her best can for state of ward when it came to talking to one another it was never her wanting to actually to talk to me but instead just doing it because she had to. When it regards to the play Anthony and Cleopatra did not have broad communication, she was pretty much a side chick in Anthonys life. They had everyone do the he said she said life. For instance when she found out about Antony will marry Caesars sister, Octavia. She gets it from a messenger that delivers the word that Octavia is plain and unimpressive. She automatically gets jealous and doesnt know that e is only d oing it to solidify their loyalty to one another in the Caesar and Antony making an alliance with one another. She needs to be informed of this they have to talk to one another. Me and my ex did not talk we fought when we talked there was no communication. Cleopatra thought that Antony was cheating on her when he was just making an alliance. Communication is key in love. Finally loyalty it is to me one of the self-aggrandizing things you have to have when youre in a obligation Antony thought he had Caesars loyalty when they made an agreement.He thought wrong Caesar breaks his truce, wages war against Pompey, and defeats him. How can you have believed anyone or trust anyone without true loyalty? This is how love in our day an age has fallen people taket communicate, dont trust anyone because people are not loyal anymore. Like I said before we live in a day and age where it is ok to cheat, and not be loyal to someone who you committed to. This day love is lost, it is a distant memor y, but when people are happy, loyal, communicate, and trust one another love will prosper.Love can never die it may be lost but when you find that special someone who you see and brightens your day when you see them. That is what love is, when no one else matters besides that person when you are with that person. Antony let power take control of him and Cleopatra let her trust issues and lust take control of her. Loves is a beautiful thing and every time Shakespeare writes a story about love he portrays what happens when you mess up. Love is a beautiful and when you get it you should never let go.

Barrio Boy Essay

1. Author InformationThe causation of Barrio Boy, is Ernesto Galarza. Ernesto was born in Jalcocotan, Nayarit (which is in Mexico) on August 15, 1905 and died in 1984. During Galarzas early childhood, he lived in a small village of Jalcocotan, all while he learned regard for the things he had. Ernesto came to the linked States at a young age, during the Mexian Revolution which happened in the early 1900s.While Ernesto was growing up, he helped aside his family in harvesting their crops. He blended in the harvest crops of Sacramento, California. Working in these conditions inspired his views on the way Mexicans were treated as farmworkers. He soon became concerned around the way that the Mexican agriculture workers were treated poorly, and lived in bad condtions all while being a school boy. During these hard quantifys, a baby died, from drinking the polluted water system they were given. When the Mexican people found out about this, they decided to imply Ernesto to lead the v illage in a protest, because Ernesto had been taught English in school.Galarza showed his student activism towards Mexian-American in the early 1929s, which was when he vocalized his views on the way that the Mexian-Americans were being treated. He finished up high school, and after graduation he continued on with his education. He went to Stanford University, where he was the first Mexican-American to ever be admitted. Mr. Galarza earned his Ph. D. in hi level and political science at Columbia University.After World struggle II, Dr. Ernesto Galarza soon became a labor organizer because of his endorsement of the AFL-CIO, he was also named the National Farm Labor Unions executive secretary. Galarza was deeply commit to the education of young people, and the sentiment that e reallyone should have an opportunity toget a good education. Which might be the reason that he started to write literature for children.Ernesto Galarza was the author of numerous contains which included topics on social and economic values, expecially toward the Mexican-American society. Galarzas wife was Mae, who actual a bilingual education program, which is now a model for variant programs. Along with all of Galarzas accomplishments, he translatted the Mother Goose stories into Spanish, and with that book, he also wrote Barrio Boy, which originated from stories that he told his daughters. And in 1976, Ernesto Galarza became the very first Mexican American to be nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature.II. SettingThe begining of the book took orchestrate in a quaint village in Mexico, called Jalcocotan or Jalco for short. Jalco was around the mountains of the Sierra Madre de Nayarit. The nearest metropolis from Jalco was Tepic, from Tepic it was near impossible to get to Jalco. You would have to go down mule tracks, on either a mule or on a burro, and the hale time just hold on the top hat that you could. The indians that founded Jalco wanted it to be difficult to get into th is village, which is why they choose the small rocky places and the gullies surrounding Jalco. They theory of Jalco as some natural storm cellar, so that they wouldnt be hit with the hard hurricanes that somemultiplication occured.Jalco is where Ernesto Galarza grew up, and he considered himself and anyone growing up in the puebl jalcocotecanos. In the book he talked about how great Jalco was because it gave protection from outsiders, and it only had one street. This street was an open stretch of a mule track, just it had been widened by means of out the years, to be able to park six automobiles hub to hub. In Jalco, thither was a line of houses, or cottages on each side. Roofs, were made only of thatched palm, and there was no windows, while the dressings of the houses were called corrales, because they were narrow alleys that led uphill to the edge of the forest on the upper side of the village.Ernesto had to move to Tepic. They thought that bolas were forming, which the book gave deffinition to as any group of someones who got together to overthrow the establishment or to inglicht upon it anguish or alarm when armed and operating in the mountains, they were more than accurately called guerillas. . and they thought that they would soon be coming to Jalco the revolution was going to move to Jalco. Gustavo had been chosen to go to Tepic, and see what was going on over there. The night that he left, there was a major comet that Don Cleofas said foretold that something very impacting was soon to happen, but specially he said this comet meant that La Revolucion was coming our way. Gustavo came back to Jalco a a couple of(prenominal) old age after the comet. What he saw there was guards, and men being taken to regiments, which made Ernestos family decided to move into Tepic where they would all get jobs and muster a place to live.The revolution s bursterd Ernestos family, and everytime they thought that the revoultion was gettin close, they packed up thei r stuff, with a fate of thought involved, and moved to the next metropolis. The book says that the city was peaceful while we lived there but in the vecindad there was the talk and the feeling of trouble. My generate lived in dread that Jose would be picked up and taken outdoor(a) as a draftee to fight for Don Porfirio. After they found out that no one could enter or leave Tepic without being halt bu the patrols, and how regiments were getting quartered around the village in Tepic, they decided to go to Acaponeta. In Acaponeta Ernesto said that the most important place was the railway station, which he stood far absent from the tracks and watched the people get on and take out of the train, and watch the train go off into the distance. The train stain was also the center of the revolution, because there were soliders in the boxcars, and Ernesto and his mother could see how the revolution was evolving.A letter came in from Gustavo that said for Ernesto and his mom to go to Uria s, from Acaponeta. Gustavo said that he would send a money order to them both(prenominal) to help transport them from Acaponeta to Urias. Gustavos letter also said that Esther would also go to Urias to meet up with them, because they were also sending him money. A few days later they left on a train from Acaponeta, to go to Urais, where they meet up with Gustavo and Jose.They stayed in Urais for a while, but when Dona Florencia found a room for rent, they were off to Mazatlan. Mazatlan was the next city over to Urais, so it genuinely wasnt too big of a move for Ernesto, and in the book it said, The down payment on teh rent was made and Jose went back to Casa Redonda for out things.. The place that they lived in was only one room, and had a red tile roof, and brick floors.Then three more earn came from Gustavo, where he wanted to get all the family together, only this time in America. Gustavo and Jose wanted to have all the family together in Sacramento, California because thats w here Jose had to work on the railroad. Ernesto and his mom had to wait in Tucson, before they could continue their journey, so they could get a nonher pass and so money could be obtained. While they were in Tucson Ernesto had a great time with the hotel and the toilet, it says in the book, That night I got up many times to go to the toilet, until i was ordered to go to bed..When they got back on the train for the last time, they finally entered their destination of Sacramento. The book describes them entering Sacramento as, A brake man opened the door at the front of the four-in-hand and called, Sach-men-ah, by which we knew he meant Sa-cra-men-to, for we had passed a large sign with the name in black and white at teh entrance to the corporation yard. From there, the book setting is in Sacramento, and describes the different things that Ernesto Galarza learns while in school, and while hes out on the farm.III. CharactersThe main character of the book was Ernesto Galarza (big surpri se). In this book, Ernesto Galarza is not very physically developed in the beginning, but towards the end of the book he was on his way to manhood.Emotionally, Ernesto Galarza is strung everywhere, depending on the time of the book. Police and firemen swarmed around for a while. We neer called the police, they just came. is one excerpt from the book where he had to bevery emotionally strong, because he had to realize the bad inhabithood that he was in, and how his family was taking it. They were doing the best that they could possibly do, and he knew how bad that made them fell.Another time that Ernesto showed how emotionally impact he was, was when he had to move out of his home town of Jalco, and into different places with his family. Moving is hard on anyone, expecially if you have lived there youre whole life, the hardship of having to move from city to city in Mexico was really bad for Ernesto Galarza, because this family had to ask other family members if they could stay in their houses, and they had to start from scratch. Which really shows how emotionally strong he was.Ernesto Galarza had to be mentally strong, to see how bad things really could be. To see your neighbor thats a child dying, you have to get mentally stronger than the average person. Ernesto Galarza also had to take a place in watching the rituals for those who are really sick, and then had to participate because his family thought that that the more people involved in the ritual, the better the outcome.Ernesto Galarza was also shaped into a better mentally strong person through this story because he experienced many rascist situation in reverse. In the book, Ernesto Galarza wanted to send a letter to his mother, but he had to perplex it a telegram because it had to be in english. At the bottom of the telegram, Ernesto Galarza signed it Little Ernie but the clerk made him change it to Ernesto. This made Ernesto Galarza think about everything, and develop himself better and become more strong mentally.Other than Ernesto, there were a few other main characters which include Gustavo, and his mother. Gustavo wrote his family letters, and money. Gustavo was very physically developed because he had to work very hard labor, such as the railroad tracks. While his mom wasnt too physically developed because she was a woman, but she always did what she could to help out.Emotionally Gustavo was very strong, and expressed a lot of concern. Gustavenever really expresses a lot of his feelings because hes pretty quiet. Ernestos mom was always wanting to do the best thing for her kids, no matter what. She was willing to take all of her things and move them just for the sake of her children.Gustavo mentally wanted to get all of his family in one spot, because family was very important to him. Through-out the who book Ernesto keeps getting these letters from Gustavo and Jose explaining what he had to do to find, or reunite with his family, and Gustavo and Jose took care of their f amily by giving them money to help them out on their journey. Galarzas mom was very mentally strong to be able to go from place to place, with all the worries that she had on her mind, like the time she stayed up all night before they left.IV. PlotBarrio Boy, had a lot of Man Vs. self, and Man Vs. Society.Man Vs. Self There were so many times that there was a man vs. himself, but one time specifically was when Ernesto had to learn English. Ernesto just had to concentrate, and believe in himself that he could learn how to read and write English before he actually could. Ernestos mom helped him in his work, by his mom calling out the combinations she had written him on tope of the slate.Man Vs. Society Like man vs. self, there were a lot of man vs. society too, but one time in particular was when Ernesto ventured out of the alley and down the street, and was chased home by three American boys. This shows how difference societys act towards different people, Ernesto didnt til now und erstand what the boys were yelling at him, he just understood that it wasnt very nice.The book was mainly about how Ernesto had to move from Jalco and to city to city, to try and be with his family. The reason that his family was split up was because of the Mexican Revolution. During the book, Ernestos familywanted to be as far away from the revolution that they could be, no matter how many times they had to move.Gustavo and Jose kept sending Ernesto and his mother money to get from to place in this book, because they wanted to get all of their family in one place. They tried a lot of villages and cities in Mexico, until they finally decided to go to the United States. They choose to migrate to Sacramento, California because Jose was working on the railroad there. The rising action in this book was all the traving Ernesto did. On each train, he was exposed to different experiences and different people.The main action of this book was when they finally arrived in Sacramento and was r eunited with their family, because thats what the story was talking about through-out. There, was also where the falling action occured, which would be that when he got there, he had to work and help support his family, and watch his little sisters. The resolution would be that he went to school, and made something of himself.V. ThemeThe life lesson that was taught in this book would be that dont take anything forgranted. In Ernestos book, he goes through a lot of conflicts with himself and with the circumstances that he has to live in. The biggest conflict was having to move from place to place trying not to get caught up in the Mexican Revolution. Although Ernesto was in a horrible situation, he always seemed to turn it around for the better, and look towards the more positive out look.Everyone has a choice on whether or not they want to be in a good mood or not, they decide whether they want something to bother them or not. In this book, it teaches you how to take a more positive approach to everything you do which also reflects how you shouldnt take anything forgranted. Ernesto never loses his positive approach, and keeps his head up high, which is what everyone should do.VI. EvaluationThis book, along with everyother book has its ups and its downs. Barrio Boy was a very capturing story about immigration and coming to the United States. The book itself gives you the feeling that youre hearing the stories told time and time again by your grandparents. Ernesto uses a lot of detail in this book which gives you a clear picture of what hes talking about. As an autobiography, Ernesto Galarza did a good job. If the reader has a sense of history and knowlege of Mexican-American culture, then theyll read with ease.The Barrio Boy book had very interesting subject matter, however the writing itself sometimes is a bore. Ernesto Galarza dwells on facts very insignificant to the purpose of the story and therefor the reader must wade through all of that to pull out the i mportant history hes retelling. The first 70 pages was pure talk of Ernestos family, and how they lived in Jalco. It included some interesting details on what they did, but it was all pretty contrasted to the story at hand. This alone turns the reader off, and makes them want to put the book down. Another thing that turns the reader off is that you never learn about the gamey history of the Mexican-American Herritage in this country. Ernesto could have also used more English terms in this book. Readers dont like to have to flip to the back of the book, to understand what they are reading exspecially if its already drawn out.If you like to read about culture, especially Mexican-American culture you might find this book to be enjoyable. If you have problems reading books for anything other than pleasure you might want to pick up another book about the Mexican culture in the United States, you might want to try Rain of Gold, by Victor Villasenor.

Business Process in a Hotel

Creating Customer harbor in Tourism and hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca methodology OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL MIROSLAV DRLJACA, MSc, Researcher Zagreb Airport, Ltd. , Zagreb, Croatia METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL UDC 65. 012. 4640. 4 preliminary examination communication Requests of interested parties, amongst which the customer has the central position, are starting points of choice focussing brass that complies with requirements of ISO 9000ff world(prenominal) averages.Regardless of the fact whether we want to arrange hotel way administration to meet the requirements of these norms, one should be able to recognize exact requests of interested parties, especially of the customer of advantages. Correct recognition of these requests presents the beginning of musical note system commission in a hotel. In ordain to fulfill the expectations and requests of guest, the attention system in a hotel must be deviseed, docume nted, implemented and managed in such style to ensure actualization of the actual and foreseen guests requests.Function structure of hotel organisation go away not be sufficient for a long-run achievement of this goal. Classic morphological get of hotel organisation must be upgraded through developed, documented and implemented personal credit line solvees. In order to run hotel successfully, numerous inter link up activities must be be and managed. The application of line of products surgery systems in the hotel, their ex visualiseation and interaction, together with the management, can be defined as process approach.Business processes are one of structural elements of hotel management system. If they are not developed, documented and implemented, we can justly ask whether hotel management system is capable of meeting requests of interested parties. For running commercial enterprisees, as come up as hotels, there are three characteristic types of ancestry processes g ist headache processes, management craft processes and support processes.Scientists and experts do not agree about chiefly accepted methodology of fear process mannikinling. This paper accepts a hypothesis saying that a good methodology is the one which enables managing of avocation process in a way to ensure the fulfillment of interested parties requests, specifically the requests of guest. Key words process, methodology of employment process modelling, process approach. INTRODUCTIONDespite the fact that only a small number of hotel industry seeatives in Croatia possess ISO 9001 certificate as international confirmation of requested quality level of management system, the idea of quality, as marketing orientation, as assembly line 752 Creating Customer look upon in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL school of thought and eitherday practice, is more and more existing in hotel industry. Independe ntly of the degree of awareness of hotel management, business processes can be developed in any of the spare-time activity ways 1) in a long-established manner which is based on know-how of the most important parametres of business processes, with interventions only in situations when reliability of business process is naughtily affected, 2) without any control, when in extreme cases the business process develops in alone uncontrollable conditions, 3) in partly controllable conditions characterized by business process model according to chosen methodology, in conditions which are controlled in the same amount as the basic parametres that define them, and 4) in completely controlled conditions those business processes whose basic parametres of definition are nether complete control. 2 In order to attain completely controlled environment for develop of usiness process in a hotel, it is necessary that hotel business processes be 1) named, 2) described, 3) structurised/organised , 4) controlled, 5) managed, and 6) always improving. In order to fulfil it, hotel business processes charter to be conceived, i. e. developed according to chosen methodology. The problem lies in the fact that ISO 90012000 norm ( fictional character Management Systems Requirements) requires the proof that business processes are managed, but methodology of business processes developing is not being suggested. 3 The choice of methodology, and ofttimes its definition, is left to be made by hotel management. 1. DEFINITION OF TERM PROCESS The word process evolves from Latin word procedere, which originally means move or go in the lead.This word form was followed by noun processus, which is translated as process and means a series of actions, phases or events, development (in any direction or form) and metamorphoseation (inputs outputs) of anything that was took under consideration (element, structure, sub-system, system, etc. ). 1 2 3 ISO 9001 certificate, international confirmat ion of requested quality level of management system, acquired the following hotel industry representatives in Croatia (in 1999 Hotel excelsior in Dubrovnik, Hotels Maestral Hotel Komodor in Dubrovnik in 2000 Vodicanka Tours Hotel Punta in Vodice, during change of owners did not retain the certificate, and Hotels Argentina in Dubrovnik).Basic parametres of definition of business processes are a) object of activity (material, information, product, service and similar), b) frequency of operation (continually, sometimes only once, and similar), c) area of activity (state, city, company/organisation, part of company, and similar. ), d) manner of operation (usual, uncontrollable, in partly controllable conditions, in completely controllable conditions). At writing about methodology of business process development the authors avoid presenting final solutions, because methodology of business process development represent intellectual ownership (know how) of the author or consultant. Rare examples in Croatian literature are Ivan Mamuzic, Procesni pristup u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002, p. -4, in which author presents possible methodology of business process development and shows part of diagram of process flow Miroslav Drljaca, Proces kao ishodiste modela ISO 90012000, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002, p. 5-6, in which the author presents methodology of business process development and shows break-up of one business process Zivko Kondic, Kvaliteta i ISO 9000, Tiva, Varazdin, 2002 and partly Nenad Vulic, Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom, Veleuciliste u Splitu, Split, 2001. Total presentation of methodology of business process development is written in Nenad Injac i Marko Besker, Metodologija izgradnje poslovnih procesa u sustavu kvalitete, Oskar, Zagreb, 2003. 753 Creating Customer place in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL encrypt 1. de al presentationRULES AND CONTROLS INPUT TRANSFORMATION AREA outturn MECHANISMS Process can be as strong as defined as a course, evolution or manner through which something was born or transformed, it is a development, a procedure 4 HRN EN ISO 84021996 norm defines the process as a group of mutually independent resources and actions which transform input elements into output elements. 5 vicissitude of input elements into output is in fact a transformation of one into the other. Each process thus becomes unique and special. Transformation of input into output is a system of complex interactions of operations and resources. It is a technology. It is know how. International norm ISO 90002000 defines the process as group of connected or mutually dependent activities which transform input into results. 6 The application of process system in a company, its definition and mutual interaction, as well as the management of process system can be called process approach. 7 The process appro ach has the advantage of permanent managing of links between particular processes (within the process structure), which is the structural element of hotel management system, and combination and mutual interaction of these elements. 8 When applied in the hotel quality management system, this process approach underlines the importance of the following ? understanding and meeting of guests requests, need of supervision of business processes in value added conditions ? achieving results of business processes and their efficiency, and 4 5 6 7 8 Zelimir Domovic, Sime Anic i Nikola Klaic, Rjecnik stranih rijeci, SANI-PLUS, Zagreb, 1998, p. 1163. HRN EN ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance Vocabulary, (ISO 84021994 EN ISO 84021995), Quadrilingual version. International norm HRN EN ISO 90002002 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 90002000, EN ISO 90002000), Version quadrilingue, p. 40. International norm HRN EN ISO 90012002 Quality management systems Requirements (ISO 90012000, EN ISO 90012000), p. 14.Except process structure, structural elements of management system of every company, a hotel as well, are 1) strategic documents of company (mission, vision, strategy, politics, general and special managerial sustains), 2) organisation, 3) resources, 4) partnerships, and 5) communication and notification. 754 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL ? permanent improvement of business processes, based on impartial estimation. Regardless of many possible types of business processes, and many diversities of process structures, all business processes in hotel can be divided up into three types ? management processes, ? core processes, ? support processes. Figure 2.Three types of business processes Management processes Guest s request Core business processes Guest s satisfaction Support processes witness Martyn A. Ould, Business Proce sses, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, UK, 1995, p. 2. Many industries have more than one core or macro group of business processes, including management of business system, management of resources, realisation of products and services, measurement and control. 9 Management business processes are important for progress of core business processes, as well as of support process. These are business processes of development, innovationning, quality management and management of hotel organisation.Because of entirety and directions of their influence onto core business processes Management business processes are called vertical processes. Core business processes are focussed on the achievement of satisfaction of customers, (buyers/users), i. e. hotel guests. They directly add new value to the product, meaning service. They meet requests of hotel guests and are generator of their 9 Herbert C. Monnich, Jr. , ISO 90012000 for Small and metier Sized Businesses, American Society for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 2001, p. 3. 755 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL contentment.Core business processes, processes of fulfillment or realization, are business processes whose result in form of product or service has direct value confirmation on the market. The plan and the product in their creation are in core business processes strongly integrated. Core business processes are called horizontal processes. Figure 3. Interactivities of different types of business process Management processes (vertical) Core processes (horizontal) Support processes (vertical) Support processes which are also called logistical or resourceful business processes, are directed towards producing satisfaction of inbred users within hotel organisational structure. They are able to create added value for the guest.However, this influence on making added value is indirect and is ful filled through support of core business processes. Support processes are auxiliary business processes and represent a support to core business processes. With regard to direction of activities onto core business processes, they are also called vertical processes. Numerous management, core and support processes develop within this process structure simultaneously. They have a series of interactions. Each interaction in legitimate measure affects the business process result in terms of meeting the guests requests. 2. BUSINESS PROCESSES IN A HOTEL Complete work process of a hotel consists of processes of drudgery activities and service activities.Purpose of production activities is rendering of services which have product characteristics, like conf employ food, beverages that are specifically prepared, bread, desserts, and similar. Purpose of service activities is providing guests with adaption, inspection and repair of meals and beverages, entertainment, sale of goods, various ha ndicraft-and-services, laundry washing, ironing, and similar. 10 Process contains all activities linked into a chain. It starts with defining of all possible needs a 10 Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Kontroling Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Hotelijerski fakultet Opatija, Opatija, 1998, p. 379. 756Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL guest (tourist, buyer, etc. ) may have during the trip, until return, only with aim that all guests needs are met. 11 Table 1. Types of business processes in a hotel 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Process of hotel management. Process of planning. Process of development. Process of marketing. Process of quality management. Process of environment management. Process of social responsibility management. Process of security/safety at work management. 1. Process of producing food and beverages which are specifically prepared. 2. Process of ser ving meals and beverages. 3.Process of reception and accommodation of guests. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Process of human resources management. Process of financial management. Process of infrastructure maintenance. Process of information management. Process of purchase. Process of sale. Management business processes in a hotel. Core business processes in a hotel. Support processes in a hotel. At identifying of business processes in a hotel and dividing them into types, it is necessary to avoid assignment of business hunt and business process in a hotel. Essential differences are at least these that follows ? business function is static category, while business process is dynamic category, business function is mostly operated within one structural hotel unit, and is usually named after it, while process implies more participants from more structural hotel units, ? business function is operated within hotel, while process can have participants from outside of hotel structural organisation, but who are important for progress of concrete business process, 11 Zdenko Cerovic, Hotelski menadzment, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Fakultet za turisticki i hotelski menadzment Opatija, Opatija, 2003, p. 415. 757 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL ? ? ? . business function is run by functional manager, and process is run by business process manager, and identification of these roles must not be a bump but an exception, business process is one of the possible inner aspects of supervision of costs, quality costs as well, while function is not, due to all these differences, function is a narrower concept than business process. METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Basic task of hotel management during of business processes development is in fact establishing, directing and describing of events during transformation process of input into output. In order this task could be accompl ished, we ust have suitable methodology of business process development within the quality system. Different companies use dissimilar methodologies. Modelling of methodology in great measure depends on knowledge about quality management. Regardless of which methodology is used by teams who developing business processes, they should remain consistent when they apply it in developing all business processes in a hotel. Hotel management must create its own methodology or choose already existing methodology of business process development. Teams for business process development in practice often encounter the problem of verification of correctness of their own solutions. This paper presents one of the possible approaches. 3. 1.Identification of the process is initial task in business process developing and demands (from the team) naming of the process, appointing of the leader (manager) of business process, defining of its objective(s), defining of input and output requests, description of mechanisms, rules and controls. Afterwards, they must determine outer and inner users of business process results, as well as designate process travel as consisting parts of the business process. 3. 2. Diagram of the context is simple display of business process at the highest level from which an interaction can be seen rules, controls and mechanisms during transformation of input into output. 3. 3. Display of static model of business process presents logical period of process blackguards development as consisting parts of the business process.This phase of business process development identifies structural units where individual process step develops, and locates control points at which measurements will be performed and thus manage the business process. 3. 4. Description of the process describes requests that result from requests and needs of guests, then from specifications, norms, regulations, elaborations, methods and resources. Here are also identified requests, objecti ves and descriptions of their fulfillment, as well as allowed deviations. By defining of allowed deviations we in fact determine the minimum quality level of business process. 758 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 4. Diagram of the contextRULES AND CONTROLS GUEST S REQUEST PROCESS OF RECEPTION AND ACCOMMODATION OF GUESTS A- 0 GUEST S SATISFACTION MECHANISMS 3. 5. Diagram of decomposition of business process is methodologically confirmed graphical representation of the process with all its consisting parts process steps. It represents logical sequence of process steps development. It specifies input, rules and controls, mechanisms and output of each process step. Diagram of decomposition represents a technology. It shows process of reception and accommodation of guests per process steps that logically develop in sequence. At least one exit from a process step is also an en try into the next.Process steps in the process of reception and accommodation of guests are identified as follows 759 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 5. Decomposition of process of reception and accommodation of guests Refusal of request Guest s request ANALYSIS OF GUEST S REQUEST A-01 ACCOMODATION OF GUEST A-03 RECEPTION OF GUEST A-02 Accommodated guest Orders to departments history issued to guest Invoice forwarded to Financ. Dept. HANDLING OF GUEST A-04 Fulfillment of guests request CHARGEING AND GREETING OF GUEST A-05 Fulfillment of requests FINAL ACTIVITIES A-06 ReportsNew process cycle A-0. 1 Analysis of guest s request A-0. 2 Reception of guest A-0. 3 Accommodation of guest A-0. 4 Handling of guest A-0. 5 Charging of services and greeting of guest A-0. 6 Final activities 3. 6. Description of process steps must specify input, output, mechanisms, rules and controls of each process step, as well as locate structural hotel unit in which certain process step develops. Also, written procedure is named, if any of process steps should be additionally documented. 3. 7. Presentation of dynamic model of the process is plan of implementation of developed business process into functional structure of organization of the hotel.The plan shows in which structural hotel unit develop activities of each process step, and which unit of organization is responsible for their execution. Making of presentation of dynamic model business process is a precondition of the process organisation itself. 760 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 6. Dynamic model of process of reception and accommodation of guests Partners monetary Division Human Resources Div. Accommodation D. Reception Accommodation Divis. Food & bever. Division Commercial Division Controlling Qua lity Manager Process steps world-wide Manager Structural units Analysis of guests request A-01 Reception of guest A-02 Accommodation of guest A-03Handling of guest A-04 Charging of services and greeting of guest A-05 Final activities A -06 3. 8. Establishing of responsibility for the process is logical continuation of work on business process development. It implies exact origination of responsibility of concrete executor of individual process step. After establishment of responsibility, the conditions for establishment of management team for concrete process are prepared. Management team is headed by manager of business process. In this way we model process organisation, based on team work. 12 3. 9. Plan of measuring within the process is based on description of business process, i. . defined limits of allowed deviations, up to which business process still shows reliability as one of its crucial characteristics. The plan of measuring defines name of control points where certain measurements will be performed. It also defines organize value, allowed deviations and measuring method. By all these measurements, comparisons with target values, and possible application of corrective measures and activities we manage the business process. 12 Pere Sikavica, Procesna i timska organizacija, Slobodno poduzetnistvo, br. 18/98, Zagreb, 1998, p. 108116. 761 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M.Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL 3. 10. Plan of providing information within process is necessary in order to clearly define which participant of business process provides the information, who receives it, what is its contens, and when is the information sent and received. 3. 11. Making of further process documentation implies writing of procedures for particular process step which definitely needs it, and writing of lower level documents, like work instructions, check lists, plans of corrective measures and act ivities, etc. CONCLUSION In the audit of quality of hotel management system it is necessary to document and prove the request for business process management.Since this is the requirement of ISO 90012000 international norm, and only four representatives of hotel industry in Croatia have certificates related to this international norm, it is justified to ask which methods were used in hotels to name, describe and organise structural units of business processes, and how were these business processes controlled, managed and constantly improved. In the economy branches, which are the core of tourist industry, the most successful companies, except for food-and-beverages industry, do not have certificates. There is a limited number of companies which possess international certificates, amongst which are sell trading, hotel industry, road transport and manufacture of furniture. Therefore, repeatedly, the question is put can we create development strategy for Croatian tourism without devel oped strategy of these economy branches that view part of revenue resulting from tourists expenses. There are no ready universal solutions.Imitating of another companys solutions or adoptions of lesser adjustments of these solutions as their own optimum solutions are delusions, and in practice will be causing entropy. Every business process is different. It can even have the same name, same number and same names of process steps, same inputs and outputs, but still there are no identical business processes. Differences and originalities are happening in the interaction of inputs and outputs, rules, and controls, as well as mechanisms in each process step in the area of transformation of inputs into outputs. In the context of quality management systems we may conclude that ISO 90012000 international norm does not suggest methodology of business process development, but demands the proof that business processes are being managed.It can be concluded that every methodology of business process developing is satisfactory, if it can prove the management of processes. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Avelini Holjevac, Ivanka, Kontroling Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Hotelijerski fakultet Opatija, Opatija, 1998. Cerovic, Z. , Hotelski menadzment, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Fakultet za turisticki i hotelski menadzment Opatija, Opatija, 2003. Domovic, Z. , Anic S. i N. Klaic, Rjecnik stranih rijeci, SANI-PLUS, Zagreb, 1998. Drljaca, M. , Proces kao ishodiste modela ISO 90012000, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002. Drljaca, M. , Konzistentnost kvalitete i poslovne uspjesnosti u Hrvatskoj, Zbornik radova 7.Simpozija Hrvatskog drustva menadzera kvalitete Kvaliteta nas izbor za buducnost, Oskar, Zagreb, Sibenik, 2005. 762 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. HRN EN ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance Vocabulary, (ISO 84021994 EN ISO 84021995), Quadrilingual version. International norm HRN EN ISO 90002002 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 90002000, EN ISO 90002000), Version quadrilingue. International norm HRN EN ISO 90012002 Quality management systems Requirements (ISO 90012000, EN ISO 90012000). Injac, N. i M.Besker, Metodologija izgradnje poslovnih procesa u sustavu kvalitete, Oskar, Zagreb, 2003. Kondic, Z. , Kvaliteta i ISO 9000, Tiva, Varazdin, 2002. Mamuzic, I. , Procesni pristup u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002. Monnich C. H. , Jr. , ISO 90012000 for Small and Medium Sized Businesses, American Society for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 2001. Ould A. M. , Business Processes, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, UK, 1995. Sikavica, P. , Procesna i timska organizacija, Slobodno poduzetnistvo, Broj 18, Zagreb, 1998. Vulic, N. , Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom, Veleuciliste u Splitu, Split, 2001. 763

Coping Stressess in Problem-Focused Method

CLASS DISCUSSION It may seem that theres nothing you can do about stress. But you incessantly have more control than you might think. Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your life. For example, in dealing with an exam as a stressor, different tribe go away have a range of different coping responses.Problem- center scheme has three steps-taking control, information seeking and evaluating the pros and cons. Comparing with the emotional-focused strategy, as a manger, I would in person prefer using the problem-focused strategy in coping with stress, since it can high effectively removes the stressor, and deals with the root cause of the specific problem. This way, it will provide a long-term solution.In contrast, emotional-focused stragety means the reduction of negative emotional responses associated with stresses, for example embarrassment and anxiety, is less effective than using a problem-focused strategy. Reasons are emotional-focused strategy are more focused on emotions, rather than the actual root cause of the problem therefore it cannot provide long-term solution.As a manager, I would ensure my employees are using the problem-focused strategy in the following way-figure out what is the root cause of the problem, and try to motivate employees to change the relationship between themselves and stressor, for example, escaping from the stress or removing the stress Secondly, I will make sure if my employees really understand the situation for example using the internet, and help them solving the problem, so that to avoid having the same problem in the future.Finally, I will let my employees to analyze and evaluate the pros and cons of the problem and figure out different options in dealing with the stressor.

Manipulates History Essay

Richard III Manipulates the Court of York in the same way that Shakespe ar Manipulates History. Discuss the links between the dramatist and protagonist.Richard may be visualized as an evil, vile, lying murderer but he actually has piecey aspects in park with the serviceman who shaped him into this arise state of mind, Shakespe ar himself. Shakespeares Richard III is one of the only written documents we deliver describing this misapprehended faggot and Shakespeare was born many years after his expiration so he had no possible way of knowing what happened commencement ceremony hand. All evidence points to Shakespeares ideas being total fiction just as the Richard he describes lies and slanders to the courts.When we first meet Richard he instantly begins a soliloquy to the hearing who are captivated with resentment for him as they are the people included in his plots and casts and are powerless to impede them. Right from the start he establishes himself as a synonym for evil. He portrays to the audience about his physical deformity with pleasure, which we later travel to is a metaphor for his psychological state of mind.Being Cheated of feature by dissembling nature (Act I background 1 line 19) he uses it to feign his evil and rationalize his becoming a villain. He feigns upset and disappointment that people hate him solely because of his malformation and routinely feel sympathy for him.Because I cannot flatter and look fair,Smile in mens faces smooth, deceive and cogI must be held a rancorous opposite.(Act I Scene 3 Lines 43-50)This of course is an example of dramatic irony as the audience and Richard both know that he really should be held a rancorous enemy and he does flatter, smile smooth, deceive and cog for example when he woos Anne in almost impossible circumstances.He validates his impiety by telling the audience of his ennui with life. He states I have no delight to pass away the magazine (Act I Scene 1 line 25) as he cannot dramatic pla y nimbly in a ladys chamber (Line 12). Now the war is over there is nothing he is good at so he resorts to the only other thing he has left using his aptitude to cause others misery. To him it is merely exciting to nearly issue forth caught.He wants to be king but not for the joy of being king but for the suspense of getting there. All he really wishes to do is make his dim life more interesting as really he has no need to be higher than he is at the beginning as the Duke of Gloucester is a very high position with nearly as much money as the king would have had as he was his brother. In any suit he was definitely well off where he was.Shakespeare was living under the reign of Elizabeth I and as would often write plays for royalty, he created one for her. written material a play would definitely impress Elizabeth and get him into her good books, he would certainly have gotten a large sum of money for it if she liked it.This was the time of the Tudor dynasty the foundation of whic h was when Richard III was shovel ined and Richmond became king. By writing this play Shakespeare set out to diminish the fact that this had undermined the Divine Right of Kings. If he had portrayed Richard as a good man then Richmond could have been said to be wrong and evil for killing a righteous man and his claim to the throne devalued along with Elizabeth I as they were related. Shakespeare would have most likely been killed for suggesting this, but by making Richmond seem virginal benevolent and respectable he was in any case flattering the Queen.Through the course of the play Richard doesnt ever think twice about quickly disposing of enemies in his way. He cleverly lets them seal their own fate with one word. When Hastings was no longer any use to him he first used Buckingham to tiff things up and push him onto thin ice. Then Richard comes onstage in an angry mood talking of witchcraft and as soon as Hastings says If they have done this, my noble lord- (Act III Scene 4 L ine 72) Richard immediately and tactfully picks up the word if. It is what he has been waiting for and clamours Talkst thou to me of ifs? pace art a traitor. Off with his head (Lines 74-75) He has skilfully sealed Hastings fate with one word.He also uses the fact that the two princes are illegitimate as an excuse to murder them, telling Buckingham I wish the bastards dead (Act IV Scene 2 Line 19) But he has the common sense not to make a public matter and hires a private assassinator to do the butchery.From the very beginning when Richard successfully woos Anne he reveals to the audience that he does not truly care about her at all and ordain unhesitatingly get rid of her as soon as she begins to get in his way.He says Ill have her, but I provide not keep her long (Act I Scene 2 Line 233) and as soon Richard sees that the best way to the throne is to marry his niece he quickly disposes of Anne with little thought telling Catesby to Rumour it abroad that Anne my wife is very grot esque sick (Act IV Scene 2 Line 52) and Give out that Anne my queen is sick and like to die (Line 58). With this rumour spread Richard can good kill Anne off without raising suspicion as everybody is expecting her to die.The play begins unusually with Richard himself giving a soliloquy. In it he brags to the audience about the plots I have laid, inductions dangerous Clarence and the king in deadly hate (Act I Scene 1 Lines 34-35). He cycles through his strategies with the audience saying G of Edwards heirs the murderer shall be (Line 41) is a rumour he has spread. This is also moderately dangerous for Richard to say as he is the duke of Gloucester. But Richard is just playing with fire and finds the slight danger amuse as it makes his life more interesting and exciting.When Clarence arrives with the prison guard he immediately transforms to a caring, loving brother but subtly plays on linguistic communication saying I will perform it to enfranchise you (Line 110) which means to Clarence that Richard will do anything to free him but the audience and Richard both know that he will do anything to free Clarence from life. This is the same case later when he tells Clarence Your imprisonment shall not be long (Line 114) as the audience also knows that this is because he will be dead soon. As soon as Clarence is out of earshot, Richard mutates back into his true identity stating Clarence hath not another day to live (Line 151).He is lofty of his management of Clarence but tells himself and the audience Clarence still breathes, Edward still reigns, when they are gone, then must I count my gains (Lines 162-163). His plan is not complete yet. Richards plan is rushed somewhat when there is news that the king is on his deathbed. He wants Edward to die but not before he has signed Clarences death warrant and so goes to Edward To urge his hatred more to Clarence (Line 148).He is Deformed, unfinished, sent before my time (Act I Scene 1 Line 20) and may kill anyone anyti me, but is not just pure evil. He is also an extremely intelligent character, with his quick thinking and clever use of words, who could possibly have been a great king if he would use his vast intellect for good, which is mainly why the play is not only a history but also a tragedy, as we know Richard could make something of himself.The court of York is already very unstable, the king is ill, the heir to the throne is a child and his protector is Richard, A man that loves not me nor none of you (Act I Scene 3 Line 13) and Richard uses this to his advantage. When Elizabeth threatens to g to the king about Richard he immediately comes out with all the crimes she had committed against the king.

Nucor – Porter’s 5 Forces

NUCOR AT A CROSSROADS CASE ANALYSIS NUCORS SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE RECORD PORTERS 5 FORCES ANALYSIS Supplier Power With the eventual exit of integrated steel companies from buying scrap, the options available with suppliers to sell, reduced. Nucor started several small plants that were close to suppliers nodes, thereby reducing transportation system hails. Also, the sites chosen had inexpensive electricity. Their employee-centric policies resulted in them having lowest attrition levels a steady supply of new employees. Thus the supplier power was moderate-low. buyer Power Although Nucor active the latest technology competitive prices, with imported steel available, the buyers had more options to choose from. However, Nucors customer service was a discriminator that buyers were willing to pay for. Hence, the Buyer power was mildly unattractive. Barriers to Entry Minimill business was a expectant-intensive business for a new player. Also, for existing integrated steel dissemble rs, their reluctance to adapt to newer technology littler scale discouraged them to get into the trade of the minimills. Thus it was mildly attractive from Nucors point of view. Threat of Substitutes With wide availability of substitutes such as aluminum, plastics march on composites, the demand for steel had stagnated. Hence, the little terror of substitutes in the future was gamely unattractive. Degree of rivalry The integrated steel makers didnt threaten Nucors business. Nucor always had the cost advantage efficiency coupled with superior technology innovation. However, this was challenged by the global steel makers which resulted in lowering of prices lower margins. The only differentiation for Nucor was its exaltedly wanted customer service.Thus the degree of rivalry was high. Thus overall, Nucor had preserve performance so far, due to its technology innovation, thin trading operations, high efficiency, strong employee relations superior customer service. Howeve r, going ahead, with availability of substitutes growing threat of qualifiedly bully foreign steel makers, the sustainability is in question unless Nucor innovates strategically aligns itself to the changing demands of its customers. FUNCTIONAL FIT down in the mouth Cost Focus Strategy Nucor adoption of organic growth helped in bridging the gap between the company and its customers.Mills were set up near the Vulcraft operations and Vulcraft in turn ensured speedy delivery of the products to its customers. The company was also able to bring down the fixed fiat processing costs by using computerized order entry and billing systems. With the help of vient distri merelyion and other measures, the company was successful in raising the willingness of the customers to pay even if the price was increased. Also, the company focused on the low end segment. Organizational systems / Procedures Nucor had a flat organizational structure. They decentralized the plant-level decision makin g to the respective plant film directors.This led to a circuit of autonomy faster decision making thus providing them an advantage over the competitors. The performance measurement was more quantitative in nature for the plant managers, where they had to butt a derivest specific revenue targets. The Nucor management supported creativity stake taking as they firmly believed in innovation improvisation. There was a relatively high degree of inter-plant communication vis-a-vis consolidation of orders, sharing of deliverables, etc. Thus the plants didnt entirely work in isolation, although the structure was decentralized.At the plant level, there were apprised efforts to treat all levels of employees at par make all of them feel equally important relevant to the organization. Performance Measurement The performance of the plant manager was more quantitative in nature. However for those of the other employees, it was a mix of qualitative as well as quantitative. This is becau se of their emphasis on productivity quality. The return / compensation were more group based rather than individual based, encouraging teamwork. Values / Culture Review Employee focus was the hallmark of Nucor.They encouraged risk taking, creativity innovation. Their policies didnt allow for much differentiation between different cadres. Their flat structure had decentralized decision making, they provided employees a sense of belonging / ownership with the organization. The all-cash incentives were on a regular basis doled out were directly performance linked quality quantity-wise. Their strong employee-bonding started right from the time the plant was constructed, till retirement. They didnt believe in firing during lean times, would rather cut back on working hours, than fire people.The end result was that they not only had a highly productive, motivated, experienced non-unionized work force, but their employee turnover was much below the industry average they had many people willing to work for them. Their high human capital was a clear differentiator advantage over the competition in the steel industry. Thus, Nucors approach of controlled growth, focus on technology innovation, high employee productivity coupled with a dedicated workforce, decentralized quick decision making, kick in resulted in a sustained growth success of Nucor.For sustainability in the future, Nucor will pass to continue to focus on technology innovation as it has been its point of differentiation among its competitors. TETRA-THREAT FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS Threat of Imitation The advantage it derived from a flatter decentralized structure a motivated workforce, was hard to imitate, as it would mean reorganizing the organization it would take much longer to be effective. Nucor constantly innovated used latest technology. Hence, even though a competitor copied its technology, it would take time for it to implement it in that while, Nucor would have moved n to a newer technology. Costs of imitation in this case are the capital investments that would have to be made the economies of scale that will have to be achieved. Threat of Substitution The internal threat of replacement by means of imaginativeness substitution is very little, as the employee attrition rate is very low compared to industry level the services offered to customers is of high value for the customers. External threat of substitution is high due to emergence of aluminum, plastics, etc as cheaper substitutes for steel.But as Nucor is focused on innovation, it can counter this by itself moving towards these substitutes or coming up with boost innovative ways to make steel which can compete with the substitutes. However this would mean further investments in technology infrastructure training of employees. Threat of delay Nucor has a strong vertical integration the market for the suppliers is limited as the integrated steel makers are no longer in it s market. So threat of holdup from suppliers is low. It also adds value with superior customer service, which the buyers are willing to pay for.But the buyers do have option to opt for imported steel. Thus, Nucor will have to sustain the additional value it generates for its buyers. Threat of Slack Nucor has optimized the technology that is available for manufacture. It also has a dedicated skilled workforce. However it has not fully work these to venture into newer steel markets or into a Joint Venture with foreign steel makers who could provide newer technology. However its organizational structure policies are suited for sustained growth. UNCERTAINITIES AND RISKS ASSOCIATED 1.Technological threat CSP would hold out obsolete in 10-12 years time, as new technology of casting even thinner slab was already under way. This posed risk and uncertainty to Nucors heavy investment in CSP, but adoption of this technology could give it the first mover advantage also. 2. Quality SMSs ar chetype plant ran only 7 minutes and produced 12 tons per charge due to space constraints. It wasnt clear if it could take the load from continuous operations and sustain the wear and tear. The components had to operate with more than 96% reliability for it to be cost-effective. 3.Raw Material Nucor used scrap as its raw substantive, and the uncertainty of the scrap prices could make the project not viable. If scrap prices rose above $ 140 per ton, Nucor might have to shift to Direct Reduced Iron as raw material which would require major changes in facility and operations. 4. Competition Other minimills will also adopt CSP in a few years and hence Nucor may not be able to bask in the glory of first mover advantage. It wasnt even clear if first mover advantage would explode the huge costs this project entails. 5. Company They didnt have the expertise in flat rolled products which had to be acquired.Integrated mills adopting CSP were a major threat as they already had the expertise in flat rolled production. 6. Operations CSP plant was very large and more complex. It couldnt have been located in rural areas, where Nucor have till now established their plants, hence would require new strategy to cater to these plants. 7. Growth Nucor was concerned that it would have to land the high end market if it plans to build more plants with CSP technology and that would require products with superior quality reliability of delivery, which CSP did not guarantee for such products.Moreover the high end market demanded relationship based marketing which involved the customers at early level of development of product, which would be difficult. 8. Resources If Nucor pursued both the projects i. e. CSP and joint venture with Yamato Kogyo, then it would have to stretch its financial resources and raise equity or debt for huge capital expenditures for the initial years. But, according to its policies, Nucor restricted its debt/equity ratio to less than 30 % and did not issue n ew stock. So the problem of raising funds for the two projects is a matter of concern.PROJECT FEASABILITY ? Financial Decisions Assumptions The new project technology will become obsolete in 10 to 12 years of time, so assuming that this project will last for 12 years of time including 2 and half(a) years of startup time and two years for full capacity utilization. Assumed that 50 % of capacity will be utilized in third yr, 80% in 4th yr and full from 5th yr onwards. The capital expenditure of $280mn takes place in phase wise manner with $70mn today, $170mn in first year and $40mn in second year with additional $30mn in second year for startup cost.Working capital of $30mn will also be split in 3 years based on their capacity utilization. The revenues and costs are adjusted with an inflation of 3. 5% all(prenominal) year. The rising scrap prices are also taken into consideration. Assuming that reduction in labor costs and savings in energy will be absorbed by inflation. wea r and tear taken around 13% w. r. t. given data (Done by WDV method). Tax rate taken around 44%. Assume salvage value equal to the book value at the end of the project life. As the industry is stable, so taken beta value (=0. 95) around market beta (=1). retention the Debt/Equity ratio to be around 15%, according to existing capital structure policies. The Capital budgeting of the project leads to the following analysis IRR=11. 8%, NPV =$18mn and ROC=26. 5% The Expected rate of return of the project is more than the WACC (10. 19%) and NPVgt0, though it is not very high. The project is therefore financially viable and can be adopted. ? Industry Opportunities As the market for low end products was beginning to reach saturation, CSP was a great opportunity for Nucor to enter into flat rolled products.It could easily enter into the low end of the flat sheet market, consisting mostly of construction applications, where low price was key differentiator. Its internal sales (Vulcraft division) could be 100,000 tons of flat sheets each year to produce steel deck. Moreover, it could enter into the high end market after some years by expanding its capacity, which will make it possible for Nucor to compete with US integrated mills and capture their market share. The threat of ocean freight imports could be mitigated by the reduced costs. Construction industry offers good opportunity as it takes high priced products from the integrated steel mills and CSP will give Nucor the cost advantage to charge lesser price and hence be able to sell its products. ? Operations CSP would lead to savings in casting operations, labor costs and energy costs. Nucor would be able to achieve economies of scale at a reduced output as compared to the US integrated mills. The yields will be higher and the operating costs will reduce. ? Technology Nucor had the drive to represent technological advances.It invested heavily in upgrading its capacity. Its investment levels were 2. 9 time s its depreciation charges, wherein the three largest integrated firms had a ratio around 1. 6. Through CSP, Nucor will gain the first mover advantage for atleast a few years. Hazelett Caster wasnt as effective as CSP. Also, there were some operational constraints with Hazelett approach manage expensive conveyor belts, reduced product quality and increased maintenance costs. Conclusion Taking all the business and financial aspects into consideration, Nucor should go ahead with this technology.

Micro Operation at Airlines

_____________________________________________________________________ B200B TMA Spring 2013 _____________________________________________________________________ Question The airline industry has firms which can be great examples of operations management. in that respect are processes and resources to manage very carefully in order to have satisfactory outputs and results.Analyze the above line of reasoning using examples from B200B material and an airline company, and discuss in particular the following issues managing micro-operations for an airliner, handling emergencies and delays, serving passengers, reservations handling, baggage handling, meals, maintenance, training of crew (100 Marks) NOTES TO STUDENTS Cut-off date Submit this assignment no later than 27 April, 2013.Word count 1500 rowing (plus or minus 10%). Referencing You must acknowledge all your sources of information using full Harvard modal value Referencing (in-text referencing plus list of references at the end) . wont E-library to get journal articles on the topic (using Emerald or EBSCO). Use at least 2 or 3 articles. Plagiarism It is very important to use your induce words. Plagiarism will lead to a significant loss of marks. Extensive plagiarism could mean that you failed your TMA.Plagiarism federal agency copying from internet, from unreferenced sources, from other students TMAs or any other source. Penalties for plagiarism ranges from failure in the TMA to expulsion from the university. tell Your response to the question should take the form of a full essay format divided into a number of paragraphs with introduction and conclusion without subheadings and bullet points. Use B200 reader three chapters (Processes), especially chapters 1, 2, 4. Also seek information on a specific airline company and use E-library. This TMA is 20% of B200B Grade.

Nike Case

Nike Case 1. Should Nike be held responsible for working conditions in impertinent factories that it does not own, but where subcontractors need products for Nike? No, I do not believe Nike should be responsible for working conditions in exotic factories. I do believe that there should be working standards in place and adhered to but I do not believe that is Nikes responsibility. Nike is a business in order to run a triple-crown business one must abide by good business practices including respecting others beliefs and values.It would be no diametrical than if a Nike employee another employee how to raise their kids. As long as they are abiding by the laws governed in that their own country people are free to raise their children how they please. 2. What labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, and the like, should Nike hold foreign factories to those prevailing in that country, or those prevailing in the united States? Nike should uphold the standards pr evailing in the grumpy country.If there are issued regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, etc, they should be discussed through separate entities, for instance the United Nations. 3. An income of $2. 28 a day, the base pay of Nike factory workers in In put one acrossesia, is double the daily income of about half the working population. half(a) of all adults in Indonesia are farmers, who receive less than $1 a day. Given this, is it correct to notice Nike for the low pay rates of its subcontractors in Indonesia? It is not appropriate to criticize Nike for low pay rates.According to salary. gov, the reasonable Ameri washstand income is 46,326. If a company from United Arab of Emirates came exports products from a store in the U. S. and paid the works 105,623 (equal to the lot raise Nike is paying in Indonesia), Americans would be grateful. 4. Could Nike have handled the negative publicity over sweatshops better? What capability it have done differently, not just from a public relations perspective, but also from a polity perspective? Yes, Nike could have handled the negative publicity better.For instance Andrew Young should have brought is own vocalisation into the factories. There is no way of knowing what is actually being said and the motives behind a foreign interpreter. Nike took the right steps when it mandated hours worked per week, minimum wage per governing country, and raising the child labor laws. They set emplace standards and followed up with them. When they found businesses not adhering to the regulations they increased them, and gave the business a clear definition of what the regulation mandates.I dont think Nike could/should have done anyaffair else. 5. Do you think Nike needs to make any changes to its authorized policy? If so, what? Should Nike make changes even if they hinder the ability of the company to compete in the marketplace? No, I do not believe Nike needs to make changes to its new policy. The fact that they even i mplanted policy shows their character. If Nike did make changes and couldnt compete in the market place thousands of Americans would be upset about losing their darling sports brand, and millions of people would be out of jobs.The failure of Nike to compete in the market place could literally tight the down turn of foreign economies. 6. Is the WRC right to argue that the FLA is a tool of industry? The WRC is correct in stating FLA is a tool of the industry. However, the businesses involved are exactly that, businesses. The FLA was an appropriate step in the right counselling for the pursuit of better business practices by other countries while maintaining the best business relationship possible. Disrespect, is not only a great way to lose business, but wars are literally started over it.FLA takes the quantify to look at the beliefs, and values of the companies it is working with and not just do what they feel is the right thing to do. 7. If sweatshops are a global puzzle, what might be a global solution to this problem? The United Nations should handle the sweatshop issue. That way it is not just the U. S. attacking, or implementing their business structures on other countries. The United Nations is specifically designed to handle global issues. Having multiple nations give their input and suggests would be an incredibly stabilising and compromising tool for employees and employers in all countries.Nike CaseCorporate Finance Nike, INC Cost of capital 1. What is the WACC and wherefore is it important to estimate a firms price of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohens WACC numeration? Why or why not? Definition of WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) WACC is basically the mediocre of the cost of finance (debt and righteousness). Since a companys assets can be financed by debt or equity, WACC can show the averages of the costs involved in the sources of financing. These costs are then weighted by the users of the learning as required in a specifi c situation.This shows how much both debt holders expect to pay in interest and how much give the shareholder can expect to receive, for each dollar of financing (Investopedia, ND). The calculation of the cost of capital is one of the important elements that decide the enterprise value. The value of the enterprise can significantly change when the percentage of cost of capital changes in the business model, with the cost of capital representing the expected return for shareholders. We disagree with Joannas WACC calculation for following reasons The calculations of WACC and DCF can be effected as they are natural by her human judgment.Even though there are no right answers to make these decisions, our team disagrees with or so of the assumptions Joanna Cohen made. i. dimension of debt financing and Ratio of equity financing It has to be applied the market value because accepted shareholders expected return has to be reflected. Both ratios should be calculated not by developmen t take assess but Market Value. ii. Cost of Debt Cost of Debt can be calculated with the received yield publicly traded in the market, because we are projecting the future cash flows. Joanna calculated this by use historical data.However cost of debt should be calculated using current YTM of debt. iii. Cost of Equity Joanna calculated cost of debt by using following CAPM formula Cost of Equity = 5. 74% (20 year exchequer bond) +0. 80 (Average Historic Nike beta) *5. 9% (Average premium of the market over Treasury) =10. 5% When reckon the beta, using the most current beta is better than using the average, because the current beta reflects the most recent environment of Nike stock. 2. If you do not agree with Cohens analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and be prepared to justify your assumptions. i. Ratio of debt financing and Ratio of equity financing Market value of debt = 5. 4 + 855. 3 + 435. 9 = $1,296. 6million Market Value of equity= There is no information about mark et value of debt. We will use Book Value $1296. 6million Market Value of equity= Share price ($42. 09) * Shares outstanding (271. 5million) =$11,427. 4million Ratio of debt financing=1,296. 6 / (1,296. 6+11,427. 4) = 10. 19% Ratio of equity financing=11,427. 4/ (1,296. 6+11,427. 4) = 89. 81% WACC=9. 81%*89. 81%+7. 168 %*( 1-38%)*10. 19% =9. 26% ii.Cost of Debt Market value of debt should be Current price of debt $95. 60 Coupon rate 6. 75%(semiannual) =coupon $3. 375 per 6month Period to maturity 20 years =40 period Face value $ deoxycytidine monophosphate YTM (=cost of debt) =3. 584% (semi annual) =7. 168% (annual) iii. Cost of Equity Using CAPM formula Cost of Equity = 5. 74% (20 year Treasury bond) +0. 69 (Latest beta) *5. 9% (Average premium of the market over Treasury) =9. 81% 3. Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM and the dividend discount model. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? * CAPM Cost of Equity = 5. 4% (20 year Treasury bond) +0. 69 (Latest beta) *5. 9% (Average premium of the market over Treasury) =9. 81% Advantage * CAPM see to its only systematic risk, beta. It does not consider company specific risk. * It is useful to see an individual stock in entire portfolio. Disadvantage * virtually inputs are hard to reflect the situation of real world. * Relatively difficult to use compared to DDM * DDM Share Price($42. 09) = Dividend($0. 48) / (re Dividend Growth(5. 5%)) re(Cost of Equity) = 6. 64% Advantage * DDM only focuses on an individual stock rather than a portfolio. Always use, when calculating stock price. * Relatively easy to use compared to CAPM. Disadvantage * Results are very sensitive to change when assumptions are inputted 4. What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? RECOMMENDATION should buy NIKE stock. NIKE stock price should be $58. 22 under the condition WACC, 9. 26%. Currently Nike stock is $42. 09. Now Nike stock is under value by $58. 22 $42. 09 = $16. 13 per share. Works Ref erenced Investopedia, ND. M&A, Preferred Shares, Investopedia. Online Available at http//www. investopedia. com/terms/w/wacc. asp Accessed 1 April 2013.